BASIC COMPUTER

The Windows Desktop

Two major components of any "real" office are its filing cabinet and desktop. The filing cabinet is where you store and organize things you may need access to at some time. The desktop is where you do your work. In a computer, your hard disk plays the role of the filing cabinet. Everything that's "in your computer", so to speak, is actually stored on the computer's hard disk. The Windows desktop is the equivalent of your "real desktop", where you keep things you're working on right now.

When you first start your computer, you probably see only the Windows desktop and some desktop icons, the Start button, and other objects shown in Figure 1.  Your desktop and icons won't look exactly like those in Figure 1. But you'll learn to easily recognize your own desktop in a moment.

Figure 1

The Desktop is Always There

Nothing ever replaces the Windows desktop. The desktop is always there, though it might be covered by some other item. It's like a real desktop in that way. If you clutter up your real desktop with enough stuff, you might not even be able to see your desktop. But it's still there, under all the clutter.

Right now you're using your Web browser (a program) to read this page. Your Web browser might be covering your Windows desktop. But the desktop is still there. Each open item on the desktop has a taskbar button, that you can click to make the item visible or invisible on your desktop. The taskbar button for your Web browser probably looks like one of the examples shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2

If you click on your Web browser's task bar button a few times, this window will disappear, and reappear, with each click. Go ahead and try it -- you can't do any harm. If some other window appears or disappears, you're just not clicking the taskbar button for your Web browser.

When you have a lot of open windows on your desktop, you can make them all invisible by clicking on the Show Desktop button in the Quick Launch toolbar, shown in the left side of Figure 3. Or, if you don't see that button, you can right-click the clock in the lower right corner of your screen, then click on Show the Desktop. Either way, you'll see the Windows desktop, then you can click on any taskbar button to make the program window it represents visible again.

Figure 3

Personalizing your Desktop

The picture you see on your Windows desktop can be just about anything. As a beginner, it's a good idea to choose a picture you like, so it's easy for you to recognize the desktop when you see it.  Just follow these steps:

1. Click the Start button and choose Control Panel.
2. Click on the Appearance the Themes option.

Tip: If you don't see "Appearance and Themes" in Control Panel, click on "Switch to Category View" at the left side of Control Panel. Then click on Appearance and Themes.

3. Click on Change the desktop background shown in Figure 4.

Figure 4

4. A dialog box titled Display Properties opens, with the Desktop tab selected as  in Figure 5. Under Background, click on each named picture to see how that picture would look on your desktop. Note that there's a scroll bar at the right side of the list, which you can use to view the names of other pictures to choose from. When you find a picture you like, just leave its name highlighted in the list. 

Figure 5

5. To make your selected picture fill the entire screen, make sure "Stretch" is selected under "Position" in that same dialog box.
6. While you're in the neighborhood, you can also pick some icons to display on your desktop. Click on the Customize Desktop button under the list of picture names. A new dialog box titled Desktop Items opens.
7. In the Desktop Items dialog box, choose (check) whichever icons you'd like to display. My Documents and My Computer are good choices.

Figure 6

7. Click the OK button at the bottom of the Desktop Items dialog box to save your changes.
8. Click the OK button at the bottom of the Desktop Properties dialog box to close that dialog box as well.

Arranging Desktop Icons

Once you're able to recognize your Windows desktop, you can right-click it to do other things with it. For example, to neatly arrange all the icons on your desktop, right-click the desktop and choose Arrange Icons By Name, as in Figure 7..

Figure 7

If you ever want to return to the Display Properties dialog box and make other changes to your desktop, it's not necessary to go through Control Panel. You can, instead, take a shortcut by right-clicking your Windows desktop and choosing Properties.

SHORT QUESTION with ANSWER:-

Q1: - Write the parts of CPU?

It is based on three parts:-

1-ALO (Arithmetic & logic Unit

2:- CU (Control Unit)

3:- Computer Bas

Q2:-What is the Operating Software?

It is also called system software. It is a set of programs that are designed to control the basic operations of hardware resources of a computer & to provide a platform to the users of a computer.

Q3:-Explain the working of A.L.U?

All the arithmetic & logical operations are performed by ALO under the Supervision of control unit. A command must be either a basic Arithmetic Operation like that +,-,*, /

Logical operation:-

·                Greater than   >

·                Less than       <

·                Greater than equal to >

·                Less than equal to <

·                Equal to   =

·                No equal   =

Q4:-What is Computer Memory?

Memory is the place where the Computer stores the data & commands, programs logically.

Q5:-Write down the Classification of Computer?

·    Micro Computer or Personal Computer

·    Mainframe Computer

·    Mini Computer

·    Super Computer

·    Embedded Computer

Q6:-Which memory is called temporary memory?

Temporary memory is called primary memory. It is also called main storage.

          Types of Temporary memory

• RAM
• ROM

Q7:-Advantages of Computer?

• Accurate In Processing
• Very high Speed
• Space Sawing
• Reliability
• Low Cost
• Transportation of Data

Q8:-What is Data?

Collection of facts & figures is called data.

Q9:-Write new examples of single & multi-user’s operating system?

• Single User:-

·        DOS, windows 98, windows 2000 & windows XP

• Multi-user:-

·        Unix and Linux

·        Zunis,/Minx

·        Sun Solaris

Q10:-Explain the working of plotter?

A plotter is an output device that is used to produce high quality graphics in a variety of colures.

A plotter works by drawing lines on paper using pens held in a mechanical arm OR Plotters use pens to create drawing, diagrams and graphs on paper or clean plastic. Architects often use plotters to prepare large Blue prints and plans.

Q11:-Why we use Punch Cards?

In 1889, Herman applied the idea of Punch Cards / Punch Boards in Computers, He used Punch Cards in Computers for inputs & output.

Q12:-What is Hybrid Computer?

The Computer which have qualities of both digital and analog computer are called Hybrid computers.

Q13:-Tell the Difference b/w Combo and list Box?

Combo Box is a box such like that

List Box if we click on combo box there will be a list box.

Q14:-What is the difference between cut and copy?

Copy                                                          Cut

Copy command stores a copy of                         Cut command remove the original

the selected text or object in                                 data & stores it in the clipboard.

clipboard for further use. The

original data is not disturbed.

Q15:-What is Compiler?

Compiler is software which translation our Source code into machine language.

Q16:-What are the functions of C.P.U?

Main functions of C.P.U.

·        Execution of instruction

·        Perform Different Arithmetic operations

·        To control all the activities of computer

·        To control & allocate the resources of computers.

·        To control the devices connected to computers.

Q17:-Explain the functions of ROM?

·        We can only read form ROM.

·        The memory is also called nun-volatile because when you turn off computer its contents donors wash.

·        We cannot write or delete information from ROM.

·        This memory contains Basis inputs outputs of system.

Q18:-WHAT IS Gul?

Gul stands for “Graphical user interface”.

USER INTERFACE: - User interface is used to interact with the computer, user interface control how you enter data & intuitions and how information is displayed on the screen.

Graphical USER INTERFACE:-It consists of visual environment to communicate with computer. It user windows, icons menus & other graphical objects to issue commands.

Q19:-What is plug & play Devices?

 Plug & play is the capability to detect & configure a device 7 install appropriate device driver. Window XP has feature of plug & play. It contains a large no of device derivers. When a new hardware device is attached to computer, it detects the device 7 Install its driver if it is available.

Q20:-What are elements of computer?

Elements of computer are

1.     Software

2.     Hardware

Q21:-What types of Devices are called output Devices?

The devices that enables the computer to communicate with human user

(OR)

“Output devices are used to display data from computer”

Example:-

          Monitor, Printer, Plotter, Speaker, paper type, Visual Display Unit.

Q22:-Which part of computer controls machine cycle?

Control unit controls the overall working of computer & also co-ordinates b/w the different devices attached with computer.

This is the part of computer that controls the Machine Cycle.

The Machine Cycle

Control unit                            ALU

Q23:-What are address Bas?

Many computers are connected to one another through bases. Each component is assigned a unique ID. This ID is called the address of that component. If a components wants to communicate with other components, it user address bas to specify the address of that component.

Q24:-Explain language software?

Language software is software that provides programming facilities

e.g. Ct, VB , Java , FORTRAN etc.

Q25:-LCD Stands for?

“Liquid Crystal Display”

Laptop pc’s use flat-panel monitors, These monitors takes less Space, flat-panel monitors use variety of technologies, the most common technology is LCD ,LCD monitors use less power then CRT (Cathode Ray tube) monitors.

Q26:-What is Track pad?

A track pad is a small surface over which the user movies his finger, the movement of the finger moves the cursor on the screen , it is also known as  TOUCH PAD.

Q27:-What is a line printer?

Line printer is a fest impact printer. It prints the entire line at a line its speed is measured in lines per minute (lpm), Many line printers can prints 3000 lines per minute.

Q28:-What is main memory of computer?

Temporary memory of computer is called primary memory. It is also called main memory.

Types of Primary memory

1.     ROM

2.     RAM

Q29:-Write types of data?

There are two main types of data:

1.     Numeric Data

2.     Non-Numeric Data

And Non Numeric Data is further classified as;

Non-Numeric Data

Alphabetic Data                                                  Alphanumeric Data

Q30:-Will you consider computer is intelligent tell Reason?

Yes, because it can process billions or Trillions of actions in few seconds.

Q31:-What is Computer?

A Computer is an electronic device that executes the transactions in a
program.

Q32:-What are Buses?

A Bus consists of a set of parallel lines. It is used to transfer data b/w different components of the computer one lines of bus can transfer one bit at a time. The Capacity of computer bus depends upon/on the no of data lines in it.

Q33:-What are Secondary Storage Devices?

Secondary Storage is the permanent storage area of computer

e.g;

·        HD’S

·        CD’S

·        Floppy’s

·        Magnetic tapes

·        Flash memory

·        USB Drive

·        Smart cards

Q34:-Write a short note on RAM?

Ram stands for Random access memory it is also Direct access memory, Random access means that each indusial byte is entire memory can be accessed directly RAM is used to store data & Instructions temporarily RAM is a Volatile Memory.

Q35:-What are types of Software?

Types of Software are:-

1.     System Software.

2.     Application Software.

System Software: - It operates, control & extends the working capabilities of a computer.

Application Software: - Application Software solves a particular data problem or group of problem.

Q36:-Write down types of Printer?

There are two types of Printer:-

1.     Impact printer

2.     Non-impact printer

Q37:-Define the term Information?

Information is the required result after processing of Data.

Q38:-What is touch screen Monitor gives example?

Touch screen monitor is used for inputs as well as for output. A touch screen is a special type of Visual Display Unit. It has a grid of light beam or fine wires on the screen. It allows the user to interact with computer by the touch of a finger.

e.g

          ATM

Q39:-What is a Task Bar?

Task bar appears at the button Desktop. It includes start button & a button for each open application, by default the task bar always displays on top of any opened window.

Q40:-What is interpreter?

An interpreter is a program that converts one statement of a program into
machine at one time; it executes this before translating the next statement of the source program.

Q41:-What is Editor?

Edition command is used to make any changes in the already save text con document

Q42:-What are Utilizes?

A utility program is types of system software that is used for effective management of computer system.